The anti-lock braking system prevents the wheels from locking during heavy braking. Thanks to this, the car remains steerable under full braking. The system consists of a hydraulic governor unit and 4 wheel sensors. The regulator block contains an electronic control device (ECU), hydraulic solenoid valves and electrically driven pump. The solenoid valves are controlled by the ECU, which receives signals from 4 sensors installed on each wheel of the car, which control the speed of rotation of each wheel. By comparing these signals, the ECU can determine the vehicle's speed. By comparing the speed of a single wheel with the average speed of the vehicle, the control unit determines the state of wheel lock. When the wheel approaches blocking, the brake fluid pressure is too high, so the pressure in the caliper is reduced by a signal from the control unit. This happens until the wheel starts to accelerate again. Then the valves close again and the pressure created by the brake pedal begins to act again. However, the pressure value in the brake circuit of this wheel is not higher than the total pressure in the system. ABS operation during hard braking is repeated on each wheel until force is applied to the pedal or the vehicle stops.
In the event of any malfunction in the ABS system, it is disabled. In this case, the ABS warning lamp on the instrument panel comes on and the brake system operates normally.
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