Even at the dawn of the automotive industry, when designing internal combustion engines, the dependence of the combustion efficiency and, accordingly, the return of the internal energy of the working mixture on the proportion of fuel and air in its composition was revealed. For maximum engine performance, a strictly defined proportion is required, which must be maintained in all engine operating modes. This, in turn, leads to fuel economy.
To date, all gasoline engines of leading automotive manufacturers are equipped with an electronically controlled injection system. Initially, to determine the amount of fuel supplied to the engine cylinders, only the incoming air flow was measured. But gradually, new dependencies were identified that affect the efficiency of fuel combustion, and the requirements for exhaust gas toxicity were also tightened, which led to the complication of engine control systems. Modern fuel injection control systems are a complex set of sensors, control units, actuators and electronic circuits. Different systems may differ from each other in the number of elements involved, depending on the design of the power unit and the requirements for a particular engine. Independent intervention in the adjustment and configuration of these systems is not allowed. For this, special diagnostic and adjustment devices are used, which are available, as a rule, only at specialized service stations.
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