Oil reduces friction so that pistons and cylinders, along with all bearing assemblies and valve train, are subject to minimal wear.
The oil is used for fine sealing between the piston, piston rings and cylinder wall, as otherwise, a certain gap will remain between these parts, even if equal to one thousandth of a millimeter. Due to the additional sealing effect of the oil, the high pressure resulting from combustion can be transferred without great loss to the piston bases and converted into motion energy, and the engine thus develops optimum power.
The oil is then used for cooling. During the combustion of fuel, only one quarter of the energy received can be used to move the car, part of it leaves the engine in the form of heat through the exhaust, and the other part of the heat energy must be removed by the coolant and oil. For example, a piston can only be cooled by engine oil. Firstly, heat is removed from the piston through the piston rings and sealing oil to the working surfaces of the cylinder and then further into the coolant, and secondly, the oil splashing from all sides in the crankcase cools the piston directly. In addition, each bearing of the crankshaft, camshaft, etc. is cooled with oil. The heat absorbed by the engine oil is discharged through the crankcase into the oncoming air flow.
Engine designers also have special requirements for the oil: it must not evaporate at high temperatures that occur on the working surfaces of the cylinders. Under these unfavorable conditions, the lubricant film must not break. If it burns out, then there should be no sediment - in principle, oil consumption means its combustion. The oil must bind soot and dirt so that they do not deposit in the engine. It must be resistant to aging and have many other qualities.
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