Note: Before you begin, see. Chapter 3.
Examination
1. If the starter does not turn the crankshaft - this is not a problem, there are several possible reasons:
- a) The battery is faulty
- b) Poor electrical contact between the switch, battery terminal on the solenoid relay and the starter to transmit the necessary current from the battery to the starter to ground
- c) The traction relay switch is faulty
- d) Mechanical or electrical damage to the starter
- e) The starter pinion and/or flywheel ring gear are badly worn and need to be replaced
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2. To check the battery, simply turn on the headlights. If they dim after a few seconds, the battery is dead. If the lights are bright, turn on the starter switch and watch what happens to the headlights. If they dim, then power is reaching the motor, but it is not turning.
If the starter turns slowly, continue checking as follows.
3. If the headlights do not dim when the starter switch is activated, this means that insufficient power is supplied to the starter motor.
Disconnect the battery and starter/solenoid supply wires and the engine ground strap, then clean them thoroughly and reinstall them.
Lubricate the battery connections with Vaseline to prevent corrosion. Corroded connections are the most common cause of electrical problems in the system.
4. If checking and cleaning do not help, listen for a click when the starter switch is activated. This indicates that the solenoid switch is triggered but does not close the main contacts, meaning the solenoid is faulty.
The traction relay can be tested by connecting a voltmeter between the main connection terminal on the traction relay and ground. When the switch is activated, the voltmeter should indicate battery voltage. If not, the traction relay unit is faulty and should be replaced.
5. If the starter works but does not turn the crankshaft, the starter pinion and/or flywheel ring gear are probably worn. In this case, the starter will make noise when running.
6. Finally, if it is established that the traction relay is in order and 12 volts are supplied to the starter, the motor itself is faulty and must be removed for inspection.
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