The crankshaft is supported by five main bearings. Main bearing No. 3 is equipped with thrust half rings that regulate the axial play of the crankshaft.
The connecting rods are attached to the crankshaft through connecting rod bearing shells, and to the pistons through piston pins. The pistons are made of aluminum alloy and are equipped with three piston rings - two compression rings and one oil scraper ring.
The camshafts are located at the top of the cylinder head and are driven by a toothed belt from the crankshaft. The same belt drives the water pump.
The camshaft lobes press on hydraulic tappets, which in turn actuate the valves. The tappets automatically adjust the valve clearances.
Lubricant is pumped into the engine by an oil pump. Oil is sucked from the sump through an oil intake pipe with a mesh filter, then cleaned by an oil filter. It is then fed into the galleries of the lubrication line, main bearing caps and cylinder block/crankcase, from where it is distributed along the crankshaft (main bearings) and camshafts.
The connecting rod bearings are lubricated with oil through internal holes in the crankshaft, and oil is supplied to the camshaft bearings under pressure. The camshaft lobes and valves are lubricated by the flowing oil, just like all other engine components.
The engine in question is also equipped with a balancing shaft block, which dampens vibrations that occur during the movement of the pistons and the rotation of the crankshaft. The block includes two shafts and is bolted to the base of the cylinder block.
The balance shaft gears mesh with each other, the gear of the first shaft is driven from the crankshaft through the gear that forms the third counterweight of the crankshaft.
The crankshaft gear has twice as many teeth as the balance shaft gears and thus causes the balance shafts to rotate twice as fast as the crankshaft.
The first balancing shaft, unlike the second, rotates in the opposite direction to the crankshaft.
The engine number X 22 SE and Y 22 SE is stamped on the lug on the rear left side of the cylinder block.
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