The system works as follows. Cold coolant from the bottom of the radiator, installed in the front part of the engine compartment, is supplied to the cooling system pump, which pumps it into the channels of the engine cooling jacket. The liquid cools the engine and returns to the radiator through the heater matrix. Passing through the radiator, the liquid cools and the cycle is repeated.
The radiator is cooled by the air flow generated by the car's movement. However, if the coolant temperature exceeds a certain value, a temperature-sensitive switch turns on an electric fan, increasing the air flow through the radiator. The fan only operates when necessary, which reduces noise levels and energy consumption.
To speed up engine warm-up when starting from a cold state, a thermostat is installed in the outlet pipe of the cylinder head, blocking the flow of coolant to the radiator until the engine temperature rises to a certain value. In this case, the coolant does not enter the radiator, but is directed back to the engine. When the liquid heats up to the required temperature, the thermostat opens, passing the liquid to the radiator. The thermostat valve is activated by a wax capsule that expands when heated.
The expansion tank receives excess coolant that forms during its expansion. You can add liquid to the system through the filler neck of the expansion tank.
[Information taken from the website OPELBOOK.ru]
Note that some late model coolant hoses are equipped with special spring clamps. These clamps can be loosened by squeezing the free ends with large pliers or similar tool.
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