1.7L engines
The fuel system consists of a fuel tank mounted under the rear of the vehicle, a fuel filter with a water separator, a high-pressure fuel pump, fuel injectors and pipes. Before entering the filter, the fuel is heated by an electric heater, which is attached to the filter housing.
Fuel is supplied from the fuel filter to the high-pressure fuel pump by a booster vane pump located in the high-pressure fuel pump. Excess fuel lubricates the high-pressure fuel pump and returns to the fuel tank.
The fuel pump is driven by a toothed belt. The rotation speed of the fuel pump is two times less than the rotation speed of the crankshaft.
The amount of fuel is controlled by a centrifugal regulator, which responds to the position of the accelerator pedal and the crankshaft speed. The regulator is connected to a metering valve, which increases or decreases the amount of fuel supplied per pump stroke.
The fuel injection timing is changed automatically, depending on engine speed, by a mechanism that rotates the cam plate or ring.
Fuel injectors spray fuel into swirl chambers located in the cylinder head. Fuel injectors must open and close at precisely defined pressures. The fuel injector needle is lubricated with fuel, which accumulates near a spring and is sent through a return hose to the fuel pump.
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To start a cold engine, glow plugs are used, which heat the swirl chambers. A thermostatic capsule on the fuel pump increases the idle speed of a cold engine.
The electromagnetic engine stop valve shuts off the fuel supply to the fuel pump rotor when the ignition is turned off.
A turbocharger is installed to increase engine power. In doing so, it raises the air pressure in the intake manifold above atmospheric pressure.
Maintenance of the fuel pump and injectors is very complicated. Therefore, it must be performed at a service station. For long-term and trouble-free operation of the fuel pump and injectors, it is necessary to prevent dirt and water from entering the fuel system.
2.0L engines
Warning! There are two versions of the 2.0L engine: low-pressure turbocharged (X20DTL) and high-pressure turbocharged (X20DTH).
The fuel system consists of a fuel tank mounted under the rear of the vehicle, a fuel filter with a water separator, a high-pressure fuel pump, fuel injectors and pipes. Before entering the filter, the fuel is heated by an electric heater, which is attached to the filter housing.
Fuel is supplied from the fuel filter to the high-pressure fuel pump by a booster vane pump located in the high-pressure fuel pump. Excess fuel lubricates the high-pressure fuel pump and returns to the fuel tank.
The fuel pump is driven by a toothed belt. The rotation speed of the fuel pump is two times less than the rotation speed of the crankshaft.
The fuel pump is controlled by an electronic system. The system consists of an electronic control unit (ECU), a fuel pump control unit and the following sensors:
- the accelerator pedal control sensor informs the ECU of the position of the fuel pedal control;
- the coolant temperature sensor tells the ECU the engine temperature;
- the intake air temperature sensor tells the ECU the temperature of the air passing through the intake duct;
- the oil temperature sensor tells the ECU the engine temperature;
- the air flow meter tells the ECU how much air is in it; passing through the intake duct;
- the crankshaft sensor reports the relative position of the crankshaft and its rotation speed;
- the pressure sensor reports the relative pressure in the exhaust manifold;
- the ABS system communicates the relative speed of the vehicle to the ECU;
- the air conditioning compressor switch informs the ECU that the air conditioning system is on.
Based on the information received from the sensors, the ECU determines the moment of fuel injection at all temperatures and engine operating modes.
The ECU also controls the exhaust gas recirculation system and the engine preheating system.
Fuel injectors spray fuel into swirl chambers located in the cylinder head. Fuel injectors must open and close at precisely defined pressures. The fuel injector needle is lubricated with fuel, which accumulates near a spring and is sent through a return hose to the fuel pump.
The intake manifold has a throttle valve to improve low-speed engine performance. Each cylinder receives air through two passages in the intake manifold, one of which has a valve controlled by the ECU via a solenoid valve and a vacuum diaphragm. Below 1,500 rpm, the valves are closed, allowing air to enter the cylinders through only one passage. At higher engine speeds, the ECU opens the valves, allowing air to enter each cylinder through both passages in the intake manifold.
A complete check of the injection system can be performed using special electronic diagnostic equipment, which is connected to the diagnostic connector of the fuel system. The diagnostic connector is located behind the central console in front of the handbrake lever.
Precautionary measures
The turbocharger operates at extremely high speeds and temperatures. Do not operate the turbocharger with any part or hose removed. Foreign particles caught in the rotating vanes can damage the turbocharger.
Do not increase engine speed immediately after starting, especially on a cold engine. It is necessary to wait at least a few seconds to ensure normal oil circulation.
Allow the engine to idle for a few minutes before turning it off after running the engine at high speed.
Use only recommended quality oil to lubricate the engine.
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