The oil pump draws engine oil through a pipe from the oil sump and directs it to a full-flow oil filter. Near the oil pump there is a safety valve that, when a certain pressure is exceeded, opens and transfers part of the oil back to the oil sump.
After the oil filter, the oil enters the main oil line. In the event of a clogged filter, the bypass valve sends oil directly to the main line, bypassing the filter.
From the main oil line through the appropriate channels, oil flows to the crankshaft bearings. Oil flows through the channels in the crankshaft to the connecting rod bearings, and from there to the piston pins and to the cylinder mirrors. At the same time, oil flows through the pipeline to the cylinder head to lubricate the camshaft bearings, and for gasoline engines, to the hydraulic valve clearance compensators.
In cars with an automatic control system, the oil level is constantly monitored not only when starting the engine, but also while driving. A float switch in an oil bath is used as an oil level sensor. At a normal oil level, its contacts are closed. Since the oil fluctuates during the movement of the car, the oil level control lamp does not react immediately, but after some delay. The signal of a drop in the oil level comes only when the oil level is significantly reduced.
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