Automatic boxes are equipped with four controlled gears for forward movement. Third, fourth gears with a locked clutch can be switched on mechanically bypassing the torque converter.
The main components of an automatic transmission are as follows:
- torque converter that transmits torque from the engine to the gearbox. The lock-up clutch allows you to bypass the torque converter and mechanically shift third and fourth gears;
- planetary gearbox. It is a mechanical unit of an automatic transmission, with the help of which, due to the constant meshing of gears and the interaction of brakes and satellites, it is possible to change the gear ratio with virtually no interruption in the power flow;
- oil pressure controlled multi-disc clutches and brakes, as well as a band brake, allow you to set the necessary gear ratios and stop rotating parts without interrupting the power flow. Unlike clutches, brakes are fixed to the gearbox housing;
- oil pump and radiator;
- freewheels to optimize load transfer;
- main gear;
- electronic hydraulic control system with control unit for automatic transmissions. The control unit performs gear shifting. The elements that affect the operation of the control unit are the throttle position sensor and sensors for engine speed, gearbox output shaft speed, gearbox oil temperature, etc.
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