Automatic transmissions are equipped with four controlled gears for forward movement. Third and fourth gears can be mechanically engaged with the clutch locked, bypassing the torque converter.
The main components of an automatic transmission are the following:
- a torque converter that transmits torque from the engine to the gearbox. A lock-up clutch allows you to bypass the torque converter and mechanically shift third and fourth gears;
- planetary gearbox. It is a mechanical unit of an automatic transmission, with the help of which, due to the constant engagement of gear wheels and the interaction of brakes and satellites, it is possible to change the gear ratio practically without interrupting the power flow;
- oil pressure controlled multi-plate clutches and brakes, as well as a band brake, allow the necessary gear ratios to be set and rotating parts to be stopped without interrupting the power flow. Unlike clutches, brakes are mounted on the gearbox housing;
- oil pump and radiator;
- freewheel clutches for optimized load transfer;
- main gear;
- electronic hydraulic control system with a control unit for automatic transmissions. The control unit performs gear shifting. The elements that affect the operation of the control unit are the throttle position sensor and the engine speed sensors, the speed of the gearbox output shaft, the oil temperature in the gearbox, etc.
(Text was copied from the portal: opelbook)
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