The main elements of steering are steering wheel with steering column, steering gear with rack and pinion and steering rods (see resist. illustration). The column is connected to the mechanism by means of an intermediate shaft equipped with crosses. The sliding upper section of the steering column is equipped with a lock that blocks the steering gear. The steering column transmits the control movement to the steering mechanism through gearing with the rack. The steering mechanism is mounted on the front suspension subframe. Tie rods are attached to the steering knuckle levers with tips. The steering mechanism must not have play and, accordingly, does not have adjustment indicators. When carrying out maintenance, it is only necessary to check the condition of the anthers and tie rod ends. If the anthers are damaged or play appears as a result of wear of the tips, it is necessary to replace the corresponding elements. All models come standard with an electro-hydraulic steering system. The hydraulic fluid reservoir is built into the pump assembly. The pump sucks oil from the reservoir and delivers it at high pressure to the steering mechanism, where, depending on the direction of rotation, it enters the corresponding cavity of the working cylinder and exerts pressure on the piston of the gear rack and thereby ensures that the wheels turn. The electric steering pump does not require routine maintenance.
1.3 Steering gear design: 1. Top facing of a steering column; 2. Contact block of steering column switches; 3. Front driver's airbag module; 4. Steering wheel; 5. Steering column; 6. Lower lining of the steering column; 7. Intermediate steering shaft; 8. Tie rod end; 9. Pressure and return hydraulic lines of the hydraulic booster; 10. Subframe; 11. Angle sensor drive (models without ESP); 12. Electric steering pump with reservoir; 13. Tie rod; 14. Tie rod protective cover; 15. Steering gear
Attention: Do not under any circumstances perform restoration repairs by straightening or welding deformed and damaged suspension and steering components - replace defective parts with new ones!
Steering Repair Safety Precautions
Before starting work on steering elements, carefully read the principle of operation, SRS operating rules and safety measures given in Chapter «Controls and methods of operation».
To ensure that the airbag deploys properly in a crash, and to avoid the risk of injury from accidental airbag deployment, certain precautions must be taken (see also Chapter 12):
- a) Before working on the airbag, or near the SRS wiring, be sure to disconnect first the negative and then the positive battery cable. Insulate the battery terminals to prevent accidental shorts. Start work at least 1 minute after disconnecting the battery, - time is needed to discharge the capacitor of the backup power source;
- b) Do not allow the airbag module to exceed 80°C. Do not turn the removed airbag module upside down;
- c) Do not allow solvents and detergents to get on the surface of the module - use only a clean, slightly damp cloth to wipe the steering wheel;
- d) The SRS control unit and airbag modules are sensitive to directional overloads (blows) and after a fall from a height of more than 80 cm must be replaced;
- e) Before carrying out welding work on the vehicle, be sure to disconnect the electrical wiring of the SRS control unit;
- f) To avoid personal injury, do not install any accessories or place any foreign objects in the airbag deployment area.
- g) Before disconnecting the wiring, you must remove the electrostatic voltage from yourself, for which briefly touch the metal wedge of the door lock or the car body!
- h) When connecting the battery, people must not be inside the car!
Tightening force of threaded connections, Nm
Axial bolt of fastening of the plug of a hydraulic support of the operating lever — 40 Nm +40°
Bolts for fastening the hydraulic booster assembly to the body - 22
Bolt of fastening of an intermediate shaft of a steering column — 22
Steering wheel mounting bolt - 30
Nuts of fastening of tips of steering drafts to a rotary fist — 35
Lock nut of the contact block of understeering switches — 15
Bolt of fastening of the contact block of understeering switches — 15
Tie Rod End Locknuts - 60
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