Engine cooling is achieved using a traditional water pump system in which the coolant is pressurized. The cooling system consists of a radiator, an engine-driven pump, an electric fan, a thermostat and connecting hoses. The coolant is also supplied through hoses to the heat exchanger, which provides heat for the ventilation and heating systems of the cabin.
The cooling system works according to the following principle. Cold coolant flows from the radiator at the front of the engine compartment to the water pump, which forces it under pressure into the water jacket passages in the block and cylinder head. Having passed through the channels and heated up, the coolant returns to the radiator, where it is cooled, after which the process begins again.
The radiator is cooled by the flow of air passing through it when the car moves. If the temperature of the coolant exceeds a certain limit, the thermal switch on the radiator turns on the electric fan, which supplies additional air flow to the radiator, thereby helping to cool it. The fan only works when it is really needed, which reduces energy consumption and noise levels.
To ensure that the engine warms up quickly during a cold start, a thermostat installed on the cylinder head exhaust port prevents coolant from entering the radiator until its temperature reaches a certain value. The liquid circulates through a small circuit and heats up quickly. After reaching a certain temperature, the thermostat opens and liquid begins to flow to the radiator.
The system includes an expansion tank to compensate for the thermal expansion of the liquid. Liquid is poured into the system through a hole in the tank.
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