5 or 6 forward gears are made on the input shaft of a mechanical gearbox (5 or 6 speed gearbox) and one reverse. All forward drive gears are in constant mesh with their respective driven gears. Part of the gears is made in one piece with the shafts, others are mounted on needle bearings, which ensure silent rotation of the gears. When the gear lever is in neutral position, no torque is transmitted from the drive shaft to the driven shaft.
The gears rotate freely as long as the shift lever is in the neutral position. The gears are engaged by moving the synchronizer sliding clutch, as a result of which the gear is rigidly connected to the gearbox shaft. To do this, each shaft has its own synchronizers for the corresponding gears.
In order for the gears to mesh with each other, their number of revolutions must be equalized. This is achieved with the help of synchronizers, which, before the gears engage, come into contact with each other and, by friction, compare the number of revolutions of the shafts.
The number of revolutions of the first three gears is less than the number of revolutions of the engine, the number of revolutions of the fourth gear (straight) the same as the motor shaft. In fifth and sixth gears, the speed increases compared to the engine speed. For reverse gear, an additional gear is used, which changes the direction of rotation of the shaft. To prevent the possibility of accidentally engaging reverse gear while moving forward, the Passat has a shift mechanism in which reverse gear is traditionally engaged by first pressing the lever down.
Use the shift knob to select the desired gear. The shift handle is connected to the gearbox by means of rods, fork pushers and levers.
Differential and transmission oil
The differential is connected to the gearbox. It is mounted on two tapered bearings between the clutch and gearbox housings. Two oil seals of different diameters seal the shaft outlets. The drive gear of the differential is fixed in the housing and connected to the gears of the wheel drive shafts.
For the lubrication of parts of manual transmissions, a long-term synthetic oil is provided. Unlike the engine, oil in the gearbox is practically not consumed. If there are no signs of oil leaks on the outside of the gearbox, then its level has not decreased. However, the oil level must be checked from time to time. In automatic transmissions, the fluid level can only be checked in the final drive, the level in the gearbox must be checked at the workshop using a special diagnostic tool.
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