1. The sole purpose of the starting system is to ensure that the engine rotates at a speed sufficient to start it - approximately 300 rpm
2. The starting system consists of a starter, battery, ignition switch, traction relay and connecting wiring.
3. Depending on the model, different brands of starters may be installed. Below is the general principle of the starter.
4. The starter is a mixed-excitation DC electric motor with an externally mounted electromagnetic traction relay. The starter consists of a housing (stator) with excitation windings, armatures with overrunning clutch, covers with brush holders and traction relay.
5. When the starter is turned on, current from the battery begins to flow through the winding of the traction relay. The relay armature is pulled in and the contacts are closed. At the same time, the relay armature through the drive lever ensures the extension of the gear with the overrunning clutch, while the clutch hub rotates on the screw splines of the starter armature shaft and also turns the gear, which facilitates the engagement of the latter with the flywheel ring gear. A current passes through the closed contacts of the traction relay, which feeds the stator and armature windings, and the starter armature begins to rotate together with the hub and freewheel.
6. After starting the engine, the speed of the gear exceeds the speed of the starter armature. In this case, the overrunning clutch turns freely, and torque is not transmitted from the engine flywheel to the starter armature shaft. After releasing the ignition key, the power circuit of the windings of the traction relay opens through the ignition switch, the armature of the traction relay is pressed back to its original position by a spring, the relay contacts open and the drive gear disengages from the flywheel ring gear.
7. A starter with a retractor is located parallel to the engine crankshaft and mounted on the power unit.
8. When carrying out maintenance, it is necessary to ensure an impeccable connection of the electrical wiring, remove traces of corrosion on the terminals and lubricate them with special grease.
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