Wheel alignment involves four factors:
Camber angle is the angle at which the front wheels are tilted from vertical when viewed from the front of the vehicle. Positive camber is the angle (in degrees), by which the top of the wheel is tilted outward from the vertical. Negative camber is the angle (in degrees), by which the top of the wheel is tilted inward from the vertical. Wheel camber adjustment is performed by adding or removing washers located between the kingpin of the upper suspension arm and the body. The washers are installed on the kingpin mounting bolts.
Kingpin caster is the angle between the kingpin axis and a vertical line when viewed from the side of the vehicle. A kingpin caster is positive when the top of the kingpin is tilted rearward. Kingpin caster is adjusted in the same way as camber, except that shims need only be added or removed at the front or rear mounting bolt.
Kingpin caster – also known as kingpin angle – is the angle (if you look from the front of the car) between the vertical and an imaginary line passing through the upper strut mount and the lower control arm ball joint or through the centers of the kingpin bushings. This angle is not adjustable.
Wheel toe is the distance between the inside front edges of the front wheels (measured at hub height) differs from the distance between the rear inner edges of the front wheels.
Original posted on the website: OpelBook.ru
Since measuring small angles of suspension and steering adjustment requires specialized optical equipment and precise measuring instruments, checking and adjusting camber, kingpin caster and wheel alignment should be left to professionals with the necessary equipment.
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