Pistons
Pistons made of aluminum alloy, forged, with thermostatic insert. The piston skirts are uncut. In the bottom of the pistons there are recesses for intake and exhaust valves. Engine pistons «20XE» are cooled by oil, which is fed through a hole in the upper head of the connecting rod and sprayed onto the piston crown.
Mounting clearance between piston and cylinder, mm:
- engines «13N», «13S», «14NV»: 0,01-0,03;
- other engines: 0.02-0.04.
Displacement of the axis of the hole for the piston pin, mm: 0.8.
Piston weight, g:
- engine «13N»: 272;
- engine «13S»: 285;
- engines «16S», «18E»: 358.
Piston protrusion relative to the upper plane of the cylinder block, mm:
- engines «13N», «13S», «14NV»: 0,22;
- engines «16S», «18E»: 0,33;
- engines «16SV», «C16NZ», «20XE»: 0,40;
- engines «18SE», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH»: 0,18-0,62.
Pistons are selected strictly according to the size of the cylinders in accordance with the markings stamped on the pistons and cylinder block, as indicated in 8 of the table below.
Engine piston diameter «13N», «13S», «16S», «18E» measured perpendicular to the piston pin at a distance of approximately 10 mm from the edge of the skirt, the diameter of the engine pistons «14NV», «16SV», «C16NZ», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH», «20XE» at a distance of 15 mm from the edge of the skirt.
Dimensions of piston and cylinder groups
Piston pins
Piston pins are made of heat-treated steel. On all engines, except for the model «20XE», the pin is pressed into the upper head of the connecting rod with an interference fit and rotates freely in the piston bosses. The pin is connected to the connecting rod, which is preheated to a temperature of 280» C. On the engine «20XE» piston pins steel, floating. From axial movement, the pin is fixed by spring retaining rings.
Piston pin outer diameter, mm:
- engines «13N», «13S»: 20;
- engines «16S», «18E»: 23;
- engines «16SV», «C16NZ», «14NV»: 18;
- engines «18SE», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH», «20XE»: 21.
Piston pin length, mm:
- engines «13N», «13S»: 65;
- engines «16S», «18E»: 70;
- engines «16SV», «C16NZ», «14NV»: 55;
- engines «18SE», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH»: 61,5.
Gap between piston pin and piston, mm:
- engines «13N», «13S»: 0,007-0,015;
- engines «16S», «18E», «18SEj», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH»: 0,011-0,014.
- engines «16SV», «C16NZ», «14NV»: 0,007-0,010.
Preload between pin and piston boss, mm (engine «20XE»): 0,003-0,010.
Clearance between a pin and the plug of the top head of a rod, mm (engine «20XE»): 0,015-0.030.
Piston rings
Three rings are installed on each piston, two compression and one oil scraper, consisting of two steel discs and a multifunctional expander. The joints of the rings are spaced at 180°, the rings are installed with the mark up (to the bottom of the piston). On the engine «20XE» when installing the oil scraper ring, shift the joint of the upper disk by 25-30 mm to the left, and the joint of the lower disk to the right by 25-30 mm relative to the lock of the lower compression ring.
Piston ring specifications
Connecting rods
Forged steel connecting rod with I-section shank, straight section bottom head cover. To the top end of the engine connecting rod «20XE» bushing is pressed.
By weight connecting rods without pistons (fingers for engine «20XE») and shells of connecting rod bearings of one engine should not differ from each other by more than 8 g.
On engines «13N», «13S» connecting rods of groups by weight from 476 to 516 g are installed with an interval of 8 g, on other engines (except «20XE») from 724 to 772 g with an interval of 8 g. Only the connecting rods of the heaviest mass group are supplied as spare parts. Weight adjustment of connecting rods is done by removing metal from both lugs with a grinding wheel.
Weight matching of engine connecting rods «20XE» not allowed. Connecting rods should only be replaced as a complete set.
The distance between the centers of the holes of the connecting rod heads, mm:
- engines «13N», «13S»: 126;
- engines «16S», «18E», «18SE», «16SV», «C16NZ», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH»: 136.
Axial clearance of the connecting rod on the crankshaft journal, not more than, mm:
- engines «13N», «13S», «14NV», «16SV», «From 16NZ»: 0,11-0,24;
- other engines: 0.07-0.24.
Width of the lower head of the connecting rod, mm:
- engines «14NV», «16SV», «C16NZ»: 21,938-21,986;
- engines «18SE», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH», «20XE»: 26,338-26,390.
Connecting rod bearing shells
Connecting rod bearing shells are trimetallic. The backing of the liners is made of steel tape.
Width of connecting rod bearing shells, mm:
- engines «13N», «13S»: 22,0;
- engines «16S», «18E»: 26,5.
Gap between connecting rod bearings and connecting rod journals of the crankshaft, mm:
- engines «13N», «13S», «14NV», «16SV», «C16NZ»; 0,019-0,071;
- engines «16S», «18E»: 0,019-0,063;
- engines «18SE», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH», «20XE»: 0,006-0,031.
On the shells of connecting rod bearings of engines «13N», «13S», «14NV», «16SV», «C16NZ» nominal size stamped «GM 400 529 N», engines «16S», «18E» «GM 400 419 N». The overhaul inserts of these engines are alphanumerically and color coded.
Connecting rod bearing shell marking
Inserts of the nominal size of connecting rod bearings of engines «18SE», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH» are not marked, liners of the 1st repair size have a blue mark, liners of the 2nd repair size have a white mark.
Engine connecting rod bearings «20XE» both nominal and repair sizes are not marked.
Crankshaft
Nodular cast iron crankshaft, five bearing, six (four per engine «20XE») counterweights. On the first counterweight of the crankshaft of engines «18SE», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH» a toothed rim is made, one of the teeth of which is missing. On the engine «20XE» a special gear rim is pressed onto the crankshaft. An electromagnetic reference and angular pulse sensor installed in the cylinder block above the counterweight rim generates signals about the angular position and crankshaft speed at the moment the tooth is removed in the magnetic field of the sensor. Signals about the angular position of the crankshaft are fed to the switch of the ignition system, and signals about the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft are sent to the electronic control unit of the injection system (engine «18SE») or controller (engines «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH», «20XE»).
Note. On the engine «20XE» from No. 14005048 the dimensions of the crankshaft have been changed. Old and new design crankshafts are not interchangeable.
The ovality of the surfaces of the main and connecting rod journals, not more than, mm: 0.004.
Permissible runout of the middle main neck when supported on the extreme main necks, mm: 0.03.
Axial clearance of the crankshaft, mm:
- engines «13N», «13S», «14NV», «16SV», «C16NZ»: 0,10-0,20;
- engines «16S», «18E», «18SE», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH»: 0,07-0,30;
- engine «20XE»: 0,05-0,152.
Permissible clearance between the liners and the main journals of the crankshaft, mm:
- engines «13N», «13S», «14NV», «16SV», «C16NZ»: 0,025-0,050;
- engines «16S», «18E», «18SE», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH», «20XE»: 0,015-0,040.
Crankshaft Dimensions
1) The numerator indicates the values for the crank hall with a green mark on the main neck, in the denominator with a brown one.
2) The numerator indicates the values for the crank hall with a green-blue mark on the root neck, the denominator with a brown-blue mark.
3)The numerator indicates the values for the crank hall with a green-white mark on the main neck, the denominator with a brown-white mark.
Main bearing shells
Inserts of radical bearings trimetallic. The backing of the liners is made of steel tape.
Marking of liners of main bearings of engines «13N», «13S», «16S», «14NV», «16SV», «C16NZ» And «18E» depending on size
Marking of liners of main bearings of engines «18SE», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH», «20XE» depending on size
Flywheel
The cast iron flywheel is attached to the crankshaft flange with six bolts.
Permissible runout of the flywheel, measured along the toothed rim, mm: 0.5.
The maximum thickness of the metal removed when grinding the flywheel surface under the clutch disc, mm: 0.3.
The size between the bearing surface of the clutch cover and the contact surface of the driven disk, mm:
- engines «13N», «13S», «14NV», «16SV», «C16NZ»: 2,0-2,2;
- engines «16S», «18E», «18SE», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH», «20XE»: 2,1-2,2.
Number of gear teeth:
- engines «13N», «13S», «14NV», «16SV», «C16NZ»: 121;
- engines «16S», «18E», «18SE», «20NE», «C20NE», «20SEH», «20XE»: 135.
Rim heating temperature before pressing on the flywheel,°С: 180-230.
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