Purifiers
Cleaner for injection systems and air dampers is a potent solvent for tar, soot and coal deposits. Most cleaners leave behind a dry-type lubricating film that does not harden or tar over time. It is precisely because of the formation of such a film that these cleaners are not recommended for washing electrical components.
Brake cleaner used to remove traces of grease and brake fluid from the surfaces of brake system components, where absolute cleanliness is paramount for efficient operation. The cleaner leaves no residue and in many cases eliminates the squeal of brakes caused by contamination of their components.
Cleaner for electrical components helps to eliminate oxide films, traces of corrosion and deposits from contact surfaces without disturbing electrical conductivity. It can also be used to clean spark plugs, jets, voltage regulators and other components where complete removal of oil and grease is desired.
Dehumidifiers serve to remove water and moisture from the surfaces of electrical components such as a generator, voltage regulator, fuse box, electrical connectors, etc. Dehumidifiers are generally non-conductive, non-corrosive, and non-flammable.
Degreasers are super-strong solvents and are used to remove traces of grease from the outer surfaces of the engine and chassis components. Available in the form of aerosols or applied with a brush or brush and, depending on the type, washed off with either water or a solvent.
Lubricants
Motor oil viscosity map
Engine oils are specially formulated formulations for lubricating internal engine components. They usually contain a wide range of various additives that serve to prevent foaming and corrosion. Engine oils are produced in various degrees of viscosity - from 5 to 80. The need to use one or another grade of oil is usually determined by climatic conditions and the requirements of a particular engine (see illustration Motor Oil Viscosity Map). Oily (lungs) oils are typically used in cold climates and light engine loads. Heavy (viscous) oils are used in hot conditions and under increased engine loads. Multigrade oils have the characteristics of both light and heavy oils and are usually designated 5W-20 to 20W-50.
The quality of motor oils
Multigrade oils are relatively inexpensive oils with the following qualities:
- Year-round use in temperate climate zones;
- Excellent washing properties;
- Good lubricity at all temperatures and engine loads;
- High stability of initial properties for a long time.
All-weather oils with improved anti-friction properties They also have additional advantages:
- Year-round use at almost all possible outdoor temperatures;
- Small engine power losses due to friction;
- Facilitates cold start of the engine - even at very low temperatures.
Seasonal oils, due to their inherent specific viscosity-temperature properties, usually cannot be used all year round. Therefore, these oils should only be used in extreme climatic zones.
When using multigrade oils of SAE 5W-30 class, it is necessary to avoid prolonged operation of the engine at high speed and constant heavy load on the engine. These restrictions do not apply to multigrade oils with improved antifriction properties.
Additives for motor oils
No friction reducing additives should be added to motor oils.
Blending oils
This and similar questions are of interest to many motorists. The answer to the first one is, unfortunately, no, even if these are oils from firms «with a worldwide reputation» (Shell, Mobil, British Petroleum). Each company produces commercial oils, adding to the oil base a whole range of additives, the chemical composition of which is kept secret. Therefore, many high-quality oils of the same purpose, made according to the requirements regarding the performance and technical properties of the international API classification and the European specification CCMS-ACEA, but according to the technologies of different companies, when mixed, are able to create low-quality mixtures due to the interaction and mutual destruction of additives, that is «incompatibility» additives. Oils from different companies are interchangeable, the possibility of using such oils is often indicated by engine developers. But that doesn't mean they can be mixed. The API classification and the ACEA specification require the same test methods (laboratory, bench - motor, etc.) oils from different companies. If desired (or need) developers can introduce additional tests (or more stringent conditions) to these classifications.
The same applies to mixing mineral or synthetic oils (sometimes even the same company). Synthetic oils may have a hydrocarbon composition (in such cases, oils of the same company can be mixed, for which the manufacturer of the oil recommends and for which he is responsible), other chemical composition. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for oils to deteriorate when mixed. As a result, this may «knock» engine, as a mixture of incompatible oils turns into «jelly».
Neither the seller nor the consumer knows the composition of the additives that are in the oils. Some oils «domestic origin» produced «firms», who do not even have basic knowledge of petroleum products. Sometimes like this «specialists» waste oils are used (even without proper regeneration) to production «commodity». At the same time, the corresponding quality. Therefore, advice on the possibility of mixing oils must be given very carefully!
None «cleaners» unable to increase the octane number of gasoline. For this, special additives are used - antiknock agents, which are added during the manufacture of gasoline at refineries. Cause of detonation (metallic noise while engine is running) and glow ignition (continue running the engine with the ignition off) there may be excessive carbon deposits in the combustion chamber.
Increasing the compression in the system «with some additives» occurs not due to viscosity additives, since they do not have them in their composition, but for other reasons.
It is not advisable to reduce oil waste in an old engine and increase cylinder compression by using high-viscosity oils, since this will only lead to a temporary improvement. In the future, engine repairs will cost more.
Engine knocking is caused by wear and tear. Therefore, it will be cheaper to repair with the subsequent use of high-quality oil. Can «decrease» gaps with additives, but the expediency of this should be sorted out so as not to harm the engine.
It is necessary to make it a rule: use high-quality engine oil of the same brand that matches the engine (by classification) and not risk mixing it with the same synthetic (or semi-synthetic) oil. The engine will thank for this reliable work. Do not buy oil from your hands, as the packaging is easy to fake.
Transmission oil Designed for use in differentials, transmissions, and other applications where high temperature resistance is required.
Grease for chassis components and wheel bearings is a grease used in high stress and friction applications such as wheel bearings, suspension ball joints, tie rod ends and universal joints.
High temperature wheel bearing grease able to withstand the high temperatures that occur in the wheel bearings of vehicles equipped with disc brakes. Typically contains molybdenum disulphide, which is a dry type lubricant.
white grease (cyatim) is a thick lubricant applied to metal surfaces in contact with each other in places where there are problems with increased moisture. Remains soft at both low and high temperatures, does not wash out or thin with water.
assembly lubricant is a special grease for high pressure applications, usually contains molybdenum and is used to lubricate components subjected to high loads (such as main and connecting rod bearings and cam lugs) before the first start of the engine after the completion of the overhaul.
Silicone lubricants used to protect rubber, plastic, vinyl and nylon components.
Graphite lubricants are used where oil cannot be used due to contamination problems (e.g. in castles). Dry graphite perfectly lubricates metal parts, preventing them from being exposed to moisture, acids and other aggressive contaminants. The lubricant is electrically conductive and does not interfere with contact in such components as, for example, the ignition switch.
Molybdenum-containing penetrating compounds used to facilitate giving «stuck» fasteners, as well as for lubricating fasteners to prevent future corrosion.
Thermally conductive lubricant is non-conductive and is used to install electronic ignition modules, which require intensive heat dissipation.
Sealants
Sealant RTV is the most widely used gasket sealant. Silicon-based, air-drying, seals, adheres, is water-resistant, fills surface defects, remains elastic, does not shrink or shrink, is relatively easy to remove and is used in addition to almost all gaskets on nodes where temperatures do not exceed average values.
Anaerobic sealant, unlike RTV sealant, can be used not only in addition to gaskets, but also to form them. Remains flexible, resistant to solvents and fills uneven surfaces well. The main difference from RTV sealant lies in the curing conditions. If RTV Sealant begins to cure after being exposed to air, anaerobic sealant will only set in the absence of air. This means that the hardening of such a sealant occurs only after the components are assembled and pressed tightly against each other.
Sealant for pipes and threaded connections used for sealing fitting connections of hydraulic, pneumatic and vacuum lines. Usually made from a Teflon compound and supplied as an aerosol, applied like liquid paint, or as a tape (FUM).
Chemicals
Anti-tack compound serves to warn «sticking», corrosion, jamming and cold welding fasteners. High temperature anti-seize sealants are usually made with copper based or graphite based lubricants and are used in exhaust system and exhaust manifold fasteners.
Anaerobic tack compounds serve to prevent spontaneous release of fasteners under the influence of vibrations and harden only after installation in the absence of contact with air. Medium-strength tacking compounds are used for fixing small fasteners (nuts, bolts, screws), which are subject to regular giving in the future. High strength compounds are typically used to block large fasteners that are not released on a regular basis.
Oil additives serve to change the chemical properties of the oil without changing its viscosity in order to reduce internal friction in the engine. It should be noted that most manufacturers of motor oils warn against the use of any additives to them.
Fuel additives perform several functions at once, depending on their chemical composition. They usually contain solvents that contribute to the removal of slag and the removal of carbon deposits from the internal surfaces and components of the fuel injection system and the intake tract. In addition, the use of such additives helps to remove coal deposits that form on the walls of combustion chambers. Some additives contain substances that serve to lubricate the components of the upper part of the cylinder head (valve train, piston rings), others help to remove condensate from the walls of the fuel tank.
Other
Brake fluid is a specially designed compound that can withstand the high temperatures and pressures that occur in the brake system. Do not allow brake fluid to come into contact with painted surfaces of the vehicle or exposed areas of the body. Brake fluid is poisonous. Keep brake fluid in a sealed container to prevent moisture from entering it (liquid is very hygroscopic) and dirt.
During the operation of the car, the brake fluid takes a certain amount of water from the surrounding air. Too much water in the brake fluid can eventually cause corrosion of parts in the service brake system. In addition, this significantly reduces the boiling point of the brake fluid.
Therefore, you should change the brake fluid every two years!
If the brake fluid is very old, steam bubbles may form in the system when the working brake system is heavily loaded. This has a negative effect on the efficiency of the service brake system and thus on traffic safety.
Use only the recommended brake fluid (US specification FMVSS 116 DOT 4).
Adhesive for fastening the sealing strips of body openings, as its name implies, is used to fasten the sealing strips of door openings, windows and luggage compartment covers. It can be used for fixing elements of interior decoration.
Anti-corrosion coating for the bottom of the car is a tar-like composition made on an oil basis, and serves as a protective coating for metal surfaces, preventing their corrosion. In addition, it performs the function of soundproofing the cabin.
Waxes and polishes used to protect painted surfaces from environmental influences. Different types of paint may require the use of different types of waxes and polishes. Some polishes contain abrasive or chemical additives to remove the outer layer of oxides (tarnishing) from the painted surfaces of old cars. Recently, various types of wax-free polishes are widely introduced on the market, which include many chemical additives, such as polymers or silicon-based substances. These polishes are usually easier to apply and last longer than regular polishes (wax).
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