- the controller generates fuel injection, ignition timing and detonation control commands selectively for each cylinder;
- injection nozzles open sequentially in accordance with the firing order of the cylinders, i.e. fuel is supplied only to the cylinder where the piston is in the intake stroke;
- a mass air flow meter is used, which is a hot-wire sensor that measures the mass of air entering the engine. The suction air flows past the heated conductor. Due to the regulation of the electric current passing through this conductor, its excess temperature is maintained relative to the temperature of the incoming air. The amount of required heating current of the conductor is a measure of the mass of air entering the intake system of the engine. This current is converted into a voltage signal, which is processed by the controller to determine the engine load along with information about the speed of the crankshaft;
- The system includes a knock sensor. Based on the signals from the sensor, the controller generates commands to change the ignition timing in the direction of delay or advance separately for each cylinder, and also self-adjusts to work with gasoline with an octane rating of 98 to 95;
- to ensure the selective operation of the system, in addition to the sensor for the number of revolutions and the position of the crankshaft, an induction generator sensor for the moment of sparking in the first cylinder was used. giving a signal to the controller that the piston of the first cylinder is at the top dead center of the end of the compression stroke. The sensor is installed in the ignition distributor;
- the sensor for the speed and position of the crankshaft is installed on the cylinder block next to the oil dipstick socket opposite a special gear rim pressed onto the crankshaft;
- position type throttle position sensor replaced with a resistive type sensor;
- The fuel pressure regulator is installed directly on the fuel line.
Below is the details of the system components «Motronic M 2.5», which differ from those described for the system «Motronic ML 4/1»
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