Note: When modifying engines, it is possible to install other transmission models.
Automatic transmission (AT) consists of a torque converter (rotation converter), planetary assembly and hydraulically controlled clutches (friction clutches) and brake bands. The transmission operation is controlled by an electronic module using electrically controlled valves. The AT can operate in one of three modes: normal, sport and winter - the order of switching on and the purpose of the modes are described in detail in the Chapter "Controls and operating techniques", Section 25.
Torque converter (rotation converter) provides the transmission of torque from the engine to the gearbox. Due to the fact that the transmission of rotation is carried out hydraulically (via transmission fluid - ATF), the car starts moving and gear shifting occurs very smoothly. In addition, the torque converter provides dynamic adjustments of the torque value during acceleration.
The planetary mechanism of the automatic transmission provides the ability to select four forward and one reverse gear. The gear ratio of the planetary gear is determined by which of its elements are locked and which rotate freely. Locking and releasing of the elements of the planetary assemblies in the automatic transmission is performed using clutches and brake bands, activated by commands coming from the control module. A hydraulic pump placed inside the transmission housing creates the pressure of the working fluid necessary to activate the clutches and brake bands. The driver controls the automatic transmission using a selector lever installed on the floor of the car. Control techniques are described in detail in Chapter "Controls and operating techniques".
Due to the complexity of the AT design, the lack of commercially available replacement internal components, and the need to use special equipment, the authors of this Manual do not recommend that vehicle owners perform major transmission repairs on their own. This chapter only covers procedures for diagnosing general transmission failures, its ongoing maintenance, individual adjustments, removal, and installation.
In case of serious breakdown, it is wiser and easier to replace the transmission than to spend time and money on restoring the failed assembly. However, performing the operations of its removal and installation independently will help to significantly reduce costs (first make sure that the transmission really needs a rebuild).
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