The starter has poles located around the armature, both windings of the solenoid are energized. The pull-in winding is connected to ground through the starter. The windings of the pull-in circuit together create an electromagnetic field to pull in and hold the plunger. The plunger moves the pinion lever. This actuates the starter drive, causing the starter pinion to engage with the engine flywheel ring gear. At the same time, the movement of the plunger closes the contacts of the switch in the starter solenoid, and the full voltage of the battery is supplied directly to the starter motor, causing the engine crankshaft to rotate.
Once the solenoid switch contacts close, current stops flowing through the pull-in winding because battery voltage is applied to both ends of the windings. The holding mode winding remains energized, with the electromagnetic field strong enough to hold the plunger, actuator arm, starter drive mechanism, and solenoid switch contacts in place to continue rotating the engine crankshaft. Once the engine starts, the pinion clutch protects the starter armature from overspeeding until the ignition switch opens.
After the ignition switch is moved from the start position, the starter relay opens and the battery voltage is no longer supplied to the starter solenoid. Current is supplied from the starter contacts through both windings to the ground at the end of the pull-in winding. In this case, the direction of current flow through the pull-in winding changes to the opposite of that which was when the winding was first energized. This circumstance, along with the action of the starter return spring, leads to disconnection of the starter drive and simultaneous opening of the solenoid switch contacts, as a result of which the starter circuit is de-energized.
When the ignition switch is turned to the start position, a discrete signal is sent to the body control module, notifying it of the transition to the appropriate ignition mode. The body control module sends a message to the engine control module, notifying that the starter motor has begun to rotate the engine crankshaft. The engine control module checks the park/neutral position of the transmission, and then, if this condition is met, supplies 12 V to the starter relay control circuit. Due to this, battery voltage begins to be supplied through the starter relay to the starter solenoid.
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