Camshafts
The engine uses two camshafts, one for the intake and one for the exhaust valves. The camshafts are made of hardened steel.
Timing gear drive
To drive the camshafts, a toothed belt drive is used. Belt tension is automatically adjusted by the tensioner.
Crankshaft
The crankshaft is made of steel. It is mounted on five main bearings with plain bearing shells. The third main bearing is also equipped with thrust half rings that regulate the axial play of the crankshaft. The damper pulley is used to dampen torsional vibrations.
Cylinder block
The cylinder block has four cylinders arranged in a row. In the lower part of the block there are five main bearings for installing the crankshaft, and on the third main bearing, the installation of thrust semi-rings is provided to regulate the axial play of the crankshaft.
Cylinder head
In the cylinder head there are two camshafts that open 4 valves for each cylinder by means of pushers. The camshaft drive sprockets are mounted in front of the cylinder head.
The cylinder head is made of aluminum alloy, which provides it with high strength and rigidity at low weight. The combustion chambers in the cylinder head are designed in such a way as to increase the degree of swirl of the air-fuel mixture, thereby increasing combustion efficiency.
Oil pan
The pallet is made of aluminum alloy. The oil intake channel of the oil pump is an integral part of the sump.
Oil pump
The oil pump, driven by the engine crankshaft, is integrated into the front cover of the engine. The oil pump draws oil from the engine sump and pressurizes it to various parts of the engine. A strainer mounted on the pump's oil intake serves to remove particles from the oil that could clog oil passages or damage the oil pump and other engine components. When the crankshaft rotates, the driven gear of the oil pump rotates, as a result of which oil enters the gaps between the teeth of the pump gears, and then is forced out of them during the engagement of the gears, due to which a pumping effect occurs. At high engine speeds, the oil pump delivers more oil, improving lubrication of engine parts. The oil pressure regulator prevents excessive oil from being fed into the oil lines.
Pistons and connecting rods
The flat bottom pistons with floating piston pin are made of aluminum alloy, while the connecting rods are made of forged steel.
Valves
Each cylinder has two intake and two exhaust valves with pushrods.
Forced exhaust ventilation system
The crankcase ventilation system is used to afterburn crankcase gases in the combustion chamber, instead of throwing them into the atmosphere, which significantly increases the environmental friendliness of the engine. Fresh air from the intake system enters the engine crankcase, mixes with crankcase gases, and then again enters the intake manifold through calibrated jets. Primary supply is carried out through the jet of the forced crankcase ventilation system (PCV), which doses the flow depending on the amount of vacuum in the intake manifold. The PCV jet is integrated into the cylinder head cover. The system is designed in such a way that, in the event of abnormal operating conditions, excess scavenged gases are returned through the crankcase to the intake system to maintain normal combustion.
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