- Power steering pump.
- Power steering expansion tank.
- Pressure and return lines.
- Steering gear (rack and pinion).
The hydraulic booster is designed to reduce the effort on the steering wheel while maintaining the necessary feedback and ensuring stability and clarity of the specified trajectory. This type of steering is designed so that in the event of a failure of the booster, the steering continues to work (albeit with "weighting").
The Variable Effort Steering (VES) or MAGNASTEER® system is used to change the resistance force of the steering wheel when driving the car depending on its speed. At low speeds, the system provides minimal effort to turn the steering wheel for easy turning of the car and maneuvering during parking. At high speeds, the effort required to turn the steering wheel increases, which improves the driver's feel of the road and the directional stability of the car. VES works in parallel with the main torsion of the steering system.
the VES control unit communicates via a high-speed data bus and uses signals about the vehicle speed and the angle and speed of the steering wheel to generate corresponding electronic pulses that control the actuators in the steering gear. The actuator is an electromagnetic device consisting of one multi-pole ring-shaped permanent magnet and electromagnetic coils on each side. Depending on the electronic pulses in the range from -3 to +3 amperes passing through the coils, the force on the steering wheel will be adapted to the speed of the vehicle.
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At minimum speed, about 5 km/h, the coils are polarized in such a way that the magnetic fields repel each other, without affecting the ring magnet between them.
At average speeds, around 70 km/h, no current is transmitted through the coils and only the hydraulic power steering operates.
At high speeds, the coils are polarized so that the magnetic fields attract each other, exerting an effect on the ring magnet between them.
The VES control unit has the ability to detect a fault in the drive. If any fault is detected in the system, the resistance force on the steering wheel is reset to zero, the steering continues to be amplified by hydraulics, and a fault code is generated in the control unit.
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