- Power steering pump.
- Power steering expansion tank.
- Pressure and return lines.
- steering gear (rack and double gear).
The hydraulic booster is designed to reduce the force on the steering wheel while maintaining the necessary feedback and ensuring the stability and uniqueness of the given trajectory. This type of steering is designed so that if the power steering fails, the steering will continue to operate (albeit with «weighting»).
Variable Drag Steering System (VES — Variable Effort Steering) or MAGNASTEER® is used to change the amount of resistance to turning the steering wheel when driving, depending on its speed. At low speeds, the system provides minimal steering effort for easy vehicle turning and parking maneuvers. At high speeds, the effort required to turn the steering wheel is increased, which improves the driver's road feel and vehicle directional stability. VES works in parallel with the main torsion bar of the steering system.
The VES control unit communicates via a high-speed data bus and uses vehicle speed and steering angle and speed signals to generate appropriate electronic pulses that control actuators in the steering box. The drive is an electromagnetic device consisting of one multi-pole ring-shaped permanent magnet and electromagnetic coils on each side. Depending on the electronic impulses in the range of -3 to +3 amps passing through the coils, the force on the steering wheel will adapt to the speed of the vehicle.
At a minimum speed of about 5 km/h, the coils are polarized in such a way that the magnetic fields repel each other without affecting the ring magnet between them.
At medium speed, around 70 km/h, no current is transmitted through the coils and only the hydraulic power steering works.
At high speeds, the coils are polarized in such a way that the magnetic fields are attracted, exerting an effect on the ring magnet between them.
The VES control unit has the ability to detect a fault in the actuator. If any failures are detected in the system, the resistance force on the steering wheel is reset to zero, the steering continues to be enhanced by hydraulics, and a fault code is generated in the control unit.
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