... or on a bracket at the rear of the cylinder block near the crankshaft pulley under the timing belt tensioner pulley.
Based on the signals from this sensor, the ECU determines the crankshaft speed and its position. The crankshaft position sensor is the only one, in the event of a malfunction of which the operation of the engine is impossible, in this case, the warning lamp for a malfunction of the engine management system lights up on the instrument panel.
Camshaft position sensor mounted on the cylinder head under the top timing belt cover (top cover removed).
Based on the signals from this sensor, the ECU monitors the position of the exhaust camshaft to synchronize the opening of the fuel injectors in accordance with the operating cycles in the engine cylinders. If the camshaft position sensor malfunctions, the ECU switches to a backup (emergency) work program. At the same time, the control lamp for a malfunction of the engine management system lights up on the instrument panel.
Knock sensor mounted on the engine block near the intake manifold support bracket.
Based on the signals from the knock sensor, the ECU adjusts the ignition timing, keeping it at the edge of knocking, which is the most optimal for engine operation. In the event of a malfunction of the knock sensor, the computer switches to a backup program of work, the warning lamp for a malfunction of the engine management system lights up on the instrument panel. This may cause detonation (sharp metallic knocks in the engine with a sharp increase in load), which is extremely harmful for the engine. Therefore, you should move slowly to the place of repair, without sudden accelerations.
Absolute pressure sensor for 1.4 and 1.6 DOHC engines mounted on the intake manifold.
Based on the signals from the absolute pressure sensor, the ECU determines the amount of vacuum in the intake receiver, which indirectly indicates the engine load. In accordance with these readings, the ECU adjusts the proportions of the fuel-air mixture in accordance with the operating mode of the engine. In the event of a sensor malfunction, the ECU switches to a backup program of work and the engine management system malfunction indicator lamp lights up on the instrument panel.
The temperature sensor of the air entering the cylinders of engines 1.4 and 1.6 DOHC located in the air inlet.
The purpose of the sensor is similar to the purpose of the coolant temperature sensor. In the event of a malfunction of the temperature sensor of the air entering the cylinders, the ECU switches to a backup program of work, and the warning lamp for a malfunction of the engine management system lights up on the instrument panel. This makes it difficult to start the engine, especially at low ambient temperatures.
1.8 DOHC Engine Mass Air Flow Sensor installed in the air inlet pipe of the throttle assembly.
The sensor informs the ECU about the amount and temperature of the incoming air. In accordance with these indications, the ECU adjusts the proportions of the air-fuel mixture in accordance with the operating mode of the engine. In the event of a sensor malfunction, the ECU switches to a backup program of work and the engine management system malfunction indicator lamp lights up on the instrument panel.
Oxygen concentration sensors. Depending on the engine model and year of manufacture of the vehicle, two oxygen sensors may be installed: one (manager) on the exhaust manifold (before the catalyst)...
...second (diagnostic) - on the intake pipe (after catalyst)...
...or one (manager) - on the intake pipe (before the catalyst).
Based on the signals from the control sensor, the ECU adjusts the composition of the air-fuel mixture for optimal operation of the catalytic converter, and, using the signals from the diagnostic sensor, monitors the efficiency of its operation. In the event of a malfunction of the oxygen concentration sensors, the computer switches to a backup program of work, the warning lamp for a malfunction of the engine management system lights up on the instrument panel.
coolant temperature sensor installed in the cylinder head near the thermostat cover (engines 1.4 and 1.6 DOHC)...
...or in the thermostat housing (1.8 DOHC engine).
The sensor informs the ECU about the temperature of the coolant, which is necessary for the correct adjustment of the air-fuel ratio and ignition timing, especially during engine start. If the coolant temperature sensor is faulty, the computer goes into a standby program, the engine management system malfunction indicator lamp lights up on the instrument panel. This can make it difficult to start the engine, especially after a long stop.
Throttle position sensor mounted on the throttle assembly and made as a single element with the idle speed controller and the throttle assembly itself (air intake removed).
A similar sensor is also present on cable-actuated throttle assemblies. Depending on the engine model and the year of manufacture of the car, a fully electronic throttle assembly can be installed (see below). Based on the sensor signals, the ECU determines the throttle position, which indirectly indicates the engine load. Depending on the readings of the sensor, the ECU adjusts the composition of the air-fuel mixture in accordance with the position of the throttle valve and determines the moment the engine switches to idle. If the sensor is faulty, the engine management system malfunction indicator lamp lights up on the instrument panel.
Vehicle speed sensor installed in the gearbox housing of cars not equipped with ABS.
The sensor informs the ECU about the current vehicle speed. In the event of a sensor malfunction, the ECU switches to a backup program, the speedometer does not work, and the engine management system malfunction indicator lamp lights up on the instrument panel.
On vehicles equipped with ABS, the speed signal comes from the ABS control unit.
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